Air crash investigation:Cathay Pacific Flight 780

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Cathay Pacific Flight 780 : An Extraordinary Airmanship


Bomb onboard: Philippine Airlines 434; https://youtu.be/V5rUTX7P6w0

An Airbus A330 operated by Cathy Pacific was on its scheduled passenger flight to Hongkong.

The crew accepted the actual and forecast weather along the route and at the departure and arrival airports.

While the aircraft was boarding, the captain completed his walk around inspection. He did not find any abnormality. He observed the water check of the fuel sample. It was clear and bright in the beaker and the water check was clean.

After finishing the boarding, the crew got clearance to taxi to Runway 28.

On board the flight were 309 passengers and 13 crew members.

In the cockpit, there were 2 Australian Pilots. Captain Malcolm Waters, aged 35, was in the command of the flight. He had an experience of 7,756 flight hrs including 2,601 hrs on the Airbus A330.

The First Officer was David Hayhoe, aged 37. His total flying experience was 4,050 hrs including 1,171 hrs on the Airbus A330.

The aircraft operating was an Airbus A330-342. Its first flight was on 4 November 1998 and was delivered to Cathay Pacific three weeks later on 25 November 1998. It had flown 33,378 hrs in 12,590 flight cycles.

During the climb, the flight crew noticed some abnormal Engine Pressure Ratio fluctuations on No. 2 engine, with a range of approximately ± 0.015 around EPR target. No. 1 engine also had abnormal EPR fluctuations but within a narrower range.

The flight crew contacted the  Maintenance Control for technical advice. The maintenance engineer asked the flight crew to check the responses of the engines to thrust lever movements. Since the engine control was normal and without any other abnormal engine indications, the maintenance engineer advised the flight crew to maintain the engine thrust. He indicated that the maintenance control would continue to monitor the flight. As all engine parameters were considered normal other than the EPR fluctuations, the flight crew decided to continue the flight.

The crew turned on the Engine anti-ice for both engines on the purpose of checking its effect on the EPR fluctuation but it had no effect to the fluctuation.


For approach, the crew selected the Vertical mode as “Open Descent” and set No. 2 thrust lever to IDLE position.

The number 2 engine thrust was in idle position, so the thrust lever of number 1 engine was advanced to Maximum Continuous Thrust position. However No. 1 engine only increased to about 57% N1 and then dropped back to about 37% N1.

The engine No 1 also stalled. The crew then put the No. 1 thrust lever to IDLE position and disengaged autothrust.

The crew declared and advised Hong Kong Approach of the double engine stall situation.

The Captain moved the thrust levers to check the engine control but there was no direct response from the engines. The No. 1 engine speed eventually increased to about 74% N1. The No. 2 engine speed remained at sub-idle about 17% N1.

The aircraft touched down leaving 680 meters of the runway behind. Only No. 1 engine thrust reverser was deployed successfully.

The plane came to a complete stop on the runway with its nose wheel at about 309m from the end of Runway 07L.

57 passengers were injured, of whom 10 were transported to the hospital.

The investigation was done by Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department.

According to the investigators, the accident was caused by fuel contamination. The contaminated fuel, which contained Super Absorbent Polymer spheres.

The fuel, which contained particles of SAP introduced into the fuel system when the aircraft was fueled at Surabaya Airport.The entire fuel system, including the fuel tanks, was found to be contaminated.

The fuel supply pipeline system used to refuel aircraft at Juanda International Airport had been recently extended during construction of new aircraft parking bays.

Pilots Malcolm Waters and David Hayhoe were given the Polaris Award from the International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations for their heroism

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Simulator used:RFS
Simulator used
RFS :https://play.google.com/store/....apps/details?id=it.r

Final report : http://www.cad.gov.hk/reports/....2%20Final%20Report%2

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